{"id":27105,"date":"2021-08-17T09:53:29","date_gmt":"2021-08-17T09:53:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gagauziadialogue.md\/museums-as-a-way-of-preserving-identity\/"},"modified":"2021-08-17T19:51:37","modified_gmt":"2021-08-17T19:51:37","slug":"museums-as-a-way-of-preserving-identity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gagauziadialogue.md\/ro\/museums-as-a-way-of-preserving-identity\/","title":{"rendered":"Muzeele – o modalitate de p\u0103strare a identit\u0103\u021bii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

***<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exist\u0103 diferite moduri prin care oamenii pot cunoa\u0219te mai multe despre cultura g\u0103g\u0103uz\u0103. Cel mai bine este s\u0103 vizita\u021bi regiunea atunci c\u00e2nd are loc o s\u0103rb\u0103toare na\u021bional\u0103, ca de exemplu, Hederlez sau Kas\u00eem, sau s\u0103 face\u021bi o excursie la locurile turistice g\u0103g\u0103uze – acestea sunt diverse crame \u0219i peisaje frumoase de step\u0103. \u00cen astfel de c\u0103l\u0103torii, ve\u021bi putea observa involuntar semne concrete ale culturii g\u0103g\u0103uze, de la fa\u021bada caselor rurale p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eent\u00e2lniri \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103toare cu localnicii, care sunt foarte ospitalieri. Desigur, o astfel de c\u0103l\u0103torie v-ar permite s\u0103 v\u0103 apropia\u021bi de Autonomia g\u0103g\u0103uz\u0103. Dar dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 cunoa\u0219te\u021bi cultura acestui popor, \u0219i s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi mai bine regiunea, cea mai bun\u0103 op\u021biune este s\u0103 merge\u021bi la muzeul g\u0103g\u0103uz. \u00cen G\u0103g\u0103uzia, exist\u0103 multe muzee \u0219i toate sunt interesante \u00een felul lor. \u00cen acest articol, vom vorbi despre primul muzeu g\u0103g\u0103uz, care este \u0219i cel mai mare, at\u00e2t ca dimensiune, c\u00e2t \u0219i ca importan\u021b\u0103. F\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, acesta este \u201eMuzeul na\u021bional de istorie \u0219i etnografie din G\u0103g\u0103uzia, numit \u00een cinstea lui Dmitrii Caracioban\u201d. Muzeul este situat \u00een Be\u0219alma.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dmitrii Caracioban – un pionier<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existen\u021ba muzeelor \u200b\u200bg\u0103g\u0103uze, \u00een multe privin\u021be, nu numai cel din Be\u0219alma, a devenit posibil\u0103 datorit\u0103 unei persoane talentate – Dmitrii Caracioban. El s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1933 la Be\u0219alma \u00eentr-o familie de cre\u0219tini s\u0103raci. \u00cen tinere\u021be, a p\u0103r\u0103sit \u021bara natal\u0103 \u0219i a intrat la Colegiul de construc\u021bii din Harkov, iar dup\u0103 aceea a plecat s\u0103 fac\u0103 seviciul militar \u00een armata din Extremul Orient. A lucrat ca profesor \u0219i bibliotecar, a studiat la \u0219coala de arte. \u00cen 1959 a intrat la Institutul literar M. Gorky din Moscova (devenind astfel primul scriitor profesionist g\u0103g\u0103uz). \u0218i \u00een acela\u0219i an, poeziile sale au fost publicate \u00een colec\u021bia \u201cBugactan seslar\u201d (\u201cVocile din Budjak\u201d), care a deschis epoca literaturii profesionale g\u0103g\u0103uze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00centorc\u00e2ndu-se \u00een patrie, a \u00eenceput s\u0103 str\u00e2ng\u0103 materiale etnografice despre poporul g\u0103g\u0103uz. Dl Caracioban era un geniu \u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nea diferite tipuri de arte: el se ocupa cu sculptura, pictura, scria poezii, filma documentare. El a sim\u021bit foarte subtil oamenii \u0219i timpul \u00een care a tr\u0103it. Ocup\u00e2ndu-se \u00een paralel cu diferite tipuri de creativitate, el era foarte \u00eengrijorat de faptul c\u0103 sunt pu\u021bini g\u0103g\u0103uzi, iar acest popor unic cu o istorie interesant\u0103 poate disp\u0103rea dac\u0103 nu se \u00eentreprinde nimic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pentru a \u00eempiedica acest lucru, el a decis s\u0103 creeze primul muzeu istoric \u0219i etnografic din lume al poporului g\u0103g\u0103uz. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een acel momment, existau, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, mici muzee. \u00cen \u0219coli, profesorii de istorie adunau materiale, dar \u00een 1966 muzeul din Be\u0219alma \u0219i-a deschis por\u021bile, devenind astfel primul mare muzeu organizat din G\u0103g\u0103uzia. Desigur, acest lucru a avut nevoie de timp \u0219i a fost o sarcin\u0103 foarte dificil\u0103 pentru Dmitrii Caracioban. El a studiat foarte atent lucr\u0103rile muzeelor, a abordat acest subiect cu toat\u0103 seriozitatea. Pe atunci, o cuno\u0219tea pe Ludmila Alexandrovna Pocrovskaia – turcolog, orientalist, doctor \u00een \u0219tiin\u021be filologice, profesor, cercet\u0103tor al limbii \u0219i culturii poporului g\u0103g\u0103uz. Ei s-au ajutat reciproc \u00een orice mod posibil \u00een activit\u0103\u021bile lor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u00censu\u0219i Dmitrii Caracioban a elaborat un proiect pentru un mare muzeu. El s-a d\u0103ruit \u00eentru-totul construc\u021biei, uit\u00e2nd de el \u0219i de familia sa. \u00centr-o zi a urcat la mansard\u0103 \u0219i a spus: \u201cSunt at\u00e2t de fericit \u00eenc\u00e2t mi se pare c\u0103, dac\u0103 a\u0219 s\u0103ri, nu voi c\u0103dea, ci voi zbura<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Visul s\u0103u, ca \u00een aceste s\u0103li de muzeu s\u0103 vin\u0103 turi\u0219ti din \u00eentreaga lume, ca \u00een Be\u0219alma s\u0103 se aud\u0103 limbi din \u00eentreaga lume, ca toat\u0103 lumea s\u0103 \u0219tie despre poporul g\u0103g\u0103uz, s-a \u00eemplinit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dmitrii Caracioban nu numai c\u0103 a colectat singur exponatele, ci i-a inspirat \u0219i pe al\u021bii s\u0103 fac\u0103 acest lucru. Oamenii din satele vecine au \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00eei aduc\u0103 exponate \u00een ciuda lipsei de transport. El s-a angajat \u00eentr-o ocupa\u021bie dificil\u0103 pentru acea vreme – a corespondat cu oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 europeni, a scris bulgarilor \u0219i polonezilor, au \u00eenceput s\u0103 vin\u0103 scrisori \u0219i pentru el, comunitatea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 a devenit interesat\u0103 de munca lui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    El a fost foarte inspirat de lucr\u0103rile lui Valentin Ma\u0219kov, om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103-etnograf rus, locotenent general, membru angajat al Societ\u0103\u021bii Geografice Imperiale Ruse. Dmitrii i-a re\u00eenregistrat c\u0103r\u021bile, tome \u00eentregi, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acestea s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een muzeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    Valentin Ma\u0219kov<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Dmitrii Caracioban era foarte exigent cu el \u00eensu\u0219i. Putea munci ani de zile la unele lucr\u0103ri, apoi s\u0103 le distrug\u0103 \u00een 5 minute, pentru c\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i schimba p\u0103rerea despre o lucrare, vedea \u00een ea un aspect nou. So\u021bia sa, Zinaida, a jucat un rol important \u00een prezervarea operelor, picturilor \u0219i sculpturilor sale. C\u00e2nd vedea c\u0103 punea deoparte ceva pentru a fi distrus, ea le ascundea \u00eentr-un aragaz vechi sau \u00een ungherul mansardei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00cen timpul vie\u021bii sale, a \u00eenregistrat multe filme care pot fi v\u0103zute doar la \u200b\u200bmuzeu. Cel mai des se vizualizeaz\u0103 documentarul despre riturile de nunt\u0103 ale g\u0103g\u0103uzilor. De\u0219i filmul are doar 12 minute, a durat 5 ani p\u00e2n\u0103 la finalizare. \u00cen timpurile noastre, a camerelor digitale compacte, este dificil s\u0103 ne imagin\u0103m c\u00e2t\u0103 munc\u0103 titanic\u0103 a depus Dmitrii Caracioban. \u00cen anii 1960, se filma pe pelicule iar camerele erau voluminoase \u0219i grele. Dmitrii trebuia s\u0103 transporte toate echipamentele pe jos prin satul Ialpug p\u00e2n\u0103 la Congaz, unde aduna materiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      De \u00eendat\u0103 ce auzea c\u0103 undeva era vreo nunt\u0103, se ducea imediat acolo. Adesea oamenii nu erau mul\u021bumi\u021bi de acest lucru \u0219i nu \u00eei permitea s\u0103 filmeze. Credeau c\u0103 dac\u0103 cineva interfereaz\u0103 cu ritualurile c\u0103s\u0103toriei, ar putea aduce ghinion. Oamenii erau foarte sensibili c\u00e2nd era vorba de obiceiurile lor \u0219i nu doreau niciun str\u0103in prin preajm\u0103. Adesea, Dmitrii, se \u00eentorcea de la nun\u021bi fl\u0103m\u00e2nd \u0219i obosit, dar fericit: \u201cC\u00e2nd m\u0103 g\u00e2ndesc, ce lucru valoros am \u00een m\u00e2ini \u0219i \u00een ce se va transforma aceast\u0103 lucrare<\/em>\u201d!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Dmitrii Caracioban \u0219i-a dedicat \u00eentregul suflet muzeului. A avut un impact uria\u0219 asupra oamenilor din jurul s\u0103u \u0219i el \u00eensu\u0219i a tratat fiecare persoan\u0103, fie c\u0103 era un p\u0103stor sau un \u0219ef, ca pe un fenomen unic. El a spus c\u0103 fiecare suflet este o lume \u00eentreag\u0103, doar vorbe\u0219te cu o persoan\u0103. Dup\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnirea cu el, o persoan\u0103 lua aripi \u0219i \u00een\u021belegea semnifica\u021bia lui \u00een aceast\u0103 lume. Oamenii veneau constant la muzeu pentru a vorbi cu el.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u00cen 1986, Dmitrii Caracioban a trecut \u00een nefiin\u021b\u0103. A tr\u0103it o via\u021b\u0103 str\u0103lucitoare, el a l\u0103sat ca mo\u0219tenire o contribu\u021bie nepre\u021buit\u0103 privind p\u0103strarea \u0219i dezvoltarea culturii \u0219i identit\u0103\u021bii g\u0103g\u0103uze. Exist\u0103 oameni care privesc departe \u00een viitor, simt timpul \u0219i momentul. O astfel de persoan\u0103 era Dmitri Caracioban. El a pus bazele tendin\u021bei ce \u021bine de p\u0103strarea poporului g\u0103g\u0103uz ca grup etnic, dup\u0103 care au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apar\u0103 muzee \u00een diferite ora\u0219e \u0219i sate din G\u0103g\u0103uzia. Orice muzeu istoric \u0219i etnografic este o oportunitate de a privi trecutul propriu sau al altuia, f\u0103r\u0103 de care nu poate exista viitor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Muzeul \u00een prezent<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Muzeul numit dup\u0103 Caracioban este situat chiar \u00een centrul ora\u0219ului Be\u0219alma, chiar la c\u00e2\u021biva metri de biseric\u0103, prin urmare, este foarte u\u0219or s\u0103 de g\u0103sit. Dac\u0103 \u00eel ocoli\u021bi, \u00een fa\u021ba ochilor se deschide o panoram\u0103 larg\u0103 spre valea r\u00e2ului Ialpug, care se \u00eentinde din satul Ialpug spre nord \u0219i se vars\u0103 \u00een iazul Ialpug din Ucraina. Dac\u0103 privi\u021bi \u00een direc\u021bia opus\u0103, spre v\u00e2rful dealului, pute\u021bi vedea o moar\u0103 de v\u00e2nt care a fost p\u0103strat\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din anii 1930 – aceasta este o alt\u0103 atrac\u021bie a satului Be\u0219alma. \u00cen fa\u021ba muzeului este ridicat un monument \u00een cinstea lui Dmitrii Caracioban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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        To\u021bi vizitatorii muzeului, care au anun\u021bat \u00een prealabil despre vizita lor, sunt \u00eent\u00e2mpina\u021bi la prag cu p\u00e2ine \u0219i sare, dup\u0103 cum este obiceiul local. Dac\u0103 vii la Be\u0219alma vara, c\u00e2nd este foarte cald, vei fi deosebit de \u00eenc\u00e2ntat s\u0103 te afli \u00een r\u0103coarea confortabil\u0103 a unei c\u0103su\u021be g\u0103g\u0103uze. Aten\u021bia dvs. va fi captat\u0103 cu 4 s\u0103li mari \u0219i o sal\u0103 de conferin\u021be, unde pute\u021bi viziona filme documentare.<\/p>\n\n\n

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        Fiecare sal\u0103 con\u021bine exponate pe un anumit subiect. Astfel, \u00een prima sal\u0103 sunt colectate artefacte care spun povestea originii poporului g\u0103g\u0103uz. Acestea sunt documente, c\u0103r\u021bi \u0219i instrumente p\u0103strate. A doua sal\u0103 este sala de etnografie. Aceasta red\u0103 curtea g\u0103g\u0103uz\u0103 – ustensile de uz casnic, tradi\u021bii \u0219i sculpturi. Apropo, \u00een ciuda faptului c\u0103 aceasta este a doua sal\u0103, pute\u021bi ajunge imediat \u00een aceast\u0103 sal\u0103, intr\u00e2nd pe u\u0219a din fa\u021b\u0103 a muzeului. A treia \u0219i a patra sal\u0103 povestesc despre r\u0103zboi, foamete \u0219i formarea G\u0103g\u0103uziei, despre apari\u021bia \u0219i formarea alfabetului g\u0103g\u0103uz \u0219i scrierea acestuia. Muzeul poveste\u0219te despre activit\u0103\u021bile creative ale poe\u021bilor, scriitorilor \u0219i arti\u0219tilor locali. Operele lor pot fi v\u0103zute \u00een sala a patra. \u0218i, desigur, \u00een muzeu pute\u021bi vedea picturi \u0219i sculpturi efectuate de Dmitrii Caracioban. A cincea sal\u0103 este o sal\u0103 de conferin\u021be unde sunt derulate filme. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 filme, exist\u0103 o expozo\u021bie de artefacte care povestesc despre tradi\u021bii \u0219i obiceiuri, despre perioada \u0219amanismului, despre s\u0103rb\u0103torile antice pe care oamenii le celebrau cu c\u00e2teva secole \u00een urm\u0103. \u00cen total, muzeul de\u021bine aproximativ 20 de mii de exponate care povestesc despre diferite perioade \u0219i evenimente semnificative din istoria G\u0103g\u0103uziei.<\/p>\n\n\n

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        Muzeul este conceput \u00een a\u0219a fel \u00eenc\u00e2t vizitatorul s\u0103 fac\u0103 un cerc din prima sal\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00eentr-a cincea, iar p\u0103r\u0103sind a cincea sal\u0103, s\u0103 se afle pe coridorul de unde a \u00eenceput vizita. De obicei excursia dureaz\u0103 aproximativ o or\u0103, dar \u021bi se creaz\u0103 senza\u021bia c\u0103 tocmai te-ai \u00eentors dintr-o c\u0103l\u0103torie aventuroas\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        De ce sunt importante muzeele?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Muzeul Caracioban este foarte popular. Turi\u0219ti din toat\u0103 lumea au vizitat aceste ziduri, dar ceea ce nu este mai pu\u021bin important, muzeul este interesant nu numai pentru turi\u0219tii str\u0103ini. Este vizitat de oameni din toat\u0103 G\u0103g\u0103uzia, \u0219colarii sunt adu\u0219i aici \u00een excursii, iar g\u0103g\u0103uzii adul\u021bi care \u00eenc\u0103 nu l-au vizitat, doresc s\u0103-l viziteze. Despre motivul pentru care acest muzeu este at\u00e2t de important, am discutat cu Maria Ivanovna Capacl\u00ee<\/strong>, colaborator \u0219tiin\u021bific \u00een cadrul muzeului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        “Se spune adesea c\u0103 acesta este Muzeul satului Be\u0219alma, dar nu este nici pe departe a\u0219a. Acesta este Muzeul na\u021bional istoric \u0219i etnografic g\u0103g\u0103uz, numit dup\u0103 Dmitrii Caracioban. Desigur, dac\u0103 \u00een unele localit\u0103\u021bi exist\u0103 un centru cultural de a\u0219a nivel, cu un material at\u00e2t de bogat, este de o mare importan\u021b\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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        Oaspe\u021bii din toat\u0103 lumea vin s\u0103 ne viziteze, vor s\u0103 vad\u0103 cum tr\u0103iesc oamenii no\u0219tri. Turi\u0219tii sunt invita\u021bi la casele localnicilor, unde oaspe\u021bii fac fotografii despre cum oamenii g\u0103g\u0103uzi lucreaz\u0103, cum se relaxeaz\u0103 \u00een timpul s\u0103rb\u0103torilor. Toate acestea se \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tie \u00een lumea \u00eentreag\u0103.<\/em><\/em><\/p>Maria Ivanovna Capacl\u00ee<\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

        La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea \u0219i \u00eenceputul secolului al XX-lea, Valentin Ma\u0219kov a lucrat la Be\u0219alma. A compilat dic\u021bionare \u0219i dialecte ale g\u0103g\u0103uzilor, toate materialele au fost colectate aici. Dac\u0103 oamenii vor s\u0103 \u0219tie cine sunt g\u0103g\u0103uzii, ei vin la Be\u0219alma<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u201cStuden\u021bii vin aici pentru a-\u0219i preg\u0103ti tezele, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 pentru a colecta materiale pentru articolele lor \u0219tiin\u021bifice. \u021ainem conferin\u021be \u0219tiin\u021bifice. La noi lucreaz\u0103 fiica lui Dmitrii Caracioban, Liudmila Dmitrievna Caracioban-Marin. Dac\u0103 ea afl\u0103 c\u0103 undeva exist\u0103 vreo lucrare \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 sau vreun exponat valoros pentru noi, ea face tot posibilul ca s\u0103 completeze colec\u021bia muzeului. Pe an, fiecare angajat trebuie s\u0103 aduc\u0103 la muzeu 10 exponate. Exponatele sunt aduse \u0219i de localnici, \u00een special de persoanele \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103, de multe ori au multe lucruri interesante \u00een casele lor. Le facem poze, le lu\u0103m date \u0219i complet\u0103m colec\u021bia<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n

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        “Anul trecut a fost lini\u0219tit, dar chiar \u0219i \u00een acea var\u0103 oamenii au g\u0103sit ocazia s\u0103 vin\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 viziteze muzeul nostru. \u00cen principal din Chi\u0219in\u0103u \u0219i din nordul Moldovei. Am aflat mai multe unii despre al\u021bii – poporul moldovenesc \u0219i cel g\u0103g\u0103uz. Avem multe \u00een comun, de exemplu, avem s\u0103rb\u0103toarea Pipiruda, iar moldovenii au Paparuda. Exist\u0103 unele diferen\u021be \u00een felul \u00een care le s\u0103rb\u0103torim, dar foarte mici<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        “Au fost s\u0103 ne viziteze gagauzii Bauri. Ei locuiesc la Moscova \u0219i spuneau: “Suntem at\u00e2t de departe de patria noastr\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t ne chinuie \u00eentrebarea – cine suntem? Nu ne cunoa\u0219tem pe noi \u00een\u0219ine”. Ei \u0219i-au pus un scop, ca imediat ce ajung \u00een G\u0103g\u0103uzia, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, s\u0103 viziteze muzeul nostru. Au fost foarte mul\u021bumi\u021bi \u0219i au spus c\u0103 vor reveni cu siguran\u021b\u0103. Stilul lor de via\u021b\u0103 s-a schimba pu\u021bin, pentru c\u0103 tr\u0103iesc printre oameni cultur\u0103 diferit\u0103, dar \u00een muzeu am atins cel mai important lucru – spiritul g\u0103g\u0103uz pe care \u00eel au<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        “Sim\u021bim c\u0103 muzeul este necesar. El une\u0219te tot poporul. Oriunde ar merge oamenii no\u0219tri, doresc s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 acas\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 viziteze muzeul nostru cel pu\u021bin m\u0103car o dat\u0103, ca pelerini<\/em>“.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        “Oaspe\u021bii din toat\u0103 lumea vin s\u0103 ne viziteze”.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27054,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[140,139,135],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-places-ro","category-people-ro","category-people-and-places-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nMuzeele - o modalitate de p\u0103strare a identit\u0103\u021bii - GagauziaDialogue<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gagauziadialogue.md\/ro\/museums-as-a-way-of-preserving-identity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Muzeele - o modalitate de p\u0103strare a identit\u0103\u021bii - 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